praecido Latin · revision 9397
16 Oct 2026, 18:37 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *kh₂eyd-}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [prae̯ˈkiː.doː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [preˈt͡ʃiː.do]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''praecīdō''' (present infinitive praecīdere, perfect active praecīdī, supine praecīsum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+ An old form ''praecaedit'' is quoted by Gellius from Quadrigarius.^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[prae-]] “in front” and [[caedō]] “to cut”, with the vowel changed to /iː/.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) De Vaan traces ⟨caedō⟩ to [[itc-pro|*kaid-e/o-]], from [[ine-pro|*kh₂eyd-|t=to cut, hew]].^(de Vaan 2008)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Plautus, of cutting off an extremity, and Cato, of lopping.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to cut the tip off, shorten, lop, as in Cato; to cut off a part from the whole, as in Caecilius and Cicero's ''praecīdere ancorās'' “to cut the anchors”; to cut off an extremity, as in Plautus; and figuratively to cut short a process, bring to a sudden end, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to cut, cut off or down, cut to pieces.^(Stelten 1995) Its participle ⟨praecīsus⟩ “cut short” gave [[en|precise]] in the mid-15th century, through French ''précis'' and Medieval Latin ''precisus''.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of lopping.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of cutting short.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * mid-15th century – English ''precise'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To cut the tip off, shorten, [[m|en|lop]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # To cut off, [[m|en|sever]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # To cut short, bring to an end.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[compraecīdō]]
+ * [[praecidarius]]
+ * [[praecīsiō]]
+ * [[praecīsum]]
+ * [[praecīsūra]]
+ * [[praecīdāneus]]
+ * [[praecīsē]]
+ * [[praecīsus]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[abscīdō]]
+ * [[accīdō]]
+ * [[caedō]]
+ * [[circumcīdō]]
+ * [[concīdō]]
+ * [[dēcīdō]]
+ * [[discīdō]]
+ * [[excīdō]]
+ * [[incīdō]]
+ * [[intercīdō]]
+ * [[en|precise]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}