rabies Latin · revision 9395

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la rabiō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈra.bi.eːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈraː.bi.es]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''rabiēs''' ''f'' (genitive rabiēī); fifth declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Lucretius has the genitive ''rabiēs''; otherwise only the nominative, accusative and ablative singular occur.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Late Latin also has ''rabia''.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[rabiō]] “to rave” with the suffix [[-iēs]], like [[scabiēs]] from ⟨scabō⟩.^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)^(Etymonline) De Vaan reconstructs Proto-Italic ⟨*rab-⟩ or ⟨*raf-⟩ for the verb, of unclear origin: Schrijver rejects the old comparison with [[sa|रभ्|tr=rabh-|t=to grab]], which the OLD still gives, and his link with Tocharian A ⟨rapurñe⟩ “desire” is not convincing in meaning.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's earliest source is Plautus, whom he dates c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was the ferocity of animals, as in Propertius; uncontrolled emotion, frenzy, madness, and with a genitive a mad passion for something, as in Sallust; and the fury of winds and storms, as in Horace.^(OLD 2012) Columella and Pliny the Elder used it of the disease of mad dogs, rabies.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant madness, fury, rage, fierceness.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin used it for violent rage, frenzy, also personified and of animals.^(DMLBS) Through Vulgar Latin ''rabia'' it is the source of Old French ''rage'' and [[en|rage]] (about 1300).^(Etymonline)^(Köbler 2010) [[en|rabies]], the disease, is recorded in the 1590s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust uses it of mad passion.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella uses it of the disease of dogs.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''rage'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1590s – English ''rabies'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Ferocity, savageness (of animals).^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|frenzy|alt=Frenzy]], madness, [[m|en|rage]]; mad passion.^(OLD 2012)

+ # The fury of winds or storms.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(medicine)'' [[m|en|rabies|alt=Rabies]].^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[rabia]]

+ * [[rabiōsus]]

+ * [[rabidus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[rabiō]]

+ * [[en|rage]]

+ * [[en|rabies]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}