rapum Latin · revision 9394
16 Oct 2026, 18:37 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|attested=Cato}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈraː.pũː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈraː.pum]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''rāpum''' ''n'' (genitive rāpī); second declension^(Wiktionary)
+ A feminine ''rāpa'' is also found, from Varro on.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[itc-pro|*rāpo-]].^(de Vaan 2008) It shares a wandering word with [[grc|ῥάπυς|tr=rhápus|t=turnip]], [[lt|rópė|t=turnip]], Russian Church Slavonic ⟨rěpa⟩ and [[goh|ruoba|t=turnip]], but de Vaan shows the sounds cannot go back to one Proto-Indo-European form and thinks it a common borrowing from a non-Indo-European language.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Etymonline) Wiktionary and Köbler reconstruct [[ine-pro|*(s)rā́ps]].^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ De Vaan and the OLD date it from Cato, of turnips.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Cato 234–149 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It was the turnip, as in Cato, Varro and Pliny the Elder, and in Seneca the underground stock of a tree.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Isidore derived ''rāpa'' from ''rapere'' “to seize”, that is, to grasp.^(Isidore)
+
+ British Medieval Latin used ''rāpa'' or ''rāpum'' for the turnip and rape, the parsnip and other roots.^(DMLBS) It is continued in Proto-Romance, with French ''rave'' and Italian ''rapa'', and Italian ''ravioli'' is formed from it.^(DÉRom)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) [[en|rape]], the oilseed plant, came from Old French ''rape'' and directly from Latin in the late 14th century.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it of the root-stock of a tree.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 560–636 AD – Isidore derives it from ''rapere''.^(Isidore)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * late 14th century – English ''rape'' (the plant) is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A [[m|en|turnip]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # The underground stock of a tree.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' [[m|en|rape|alt=Rape]] (the plant); a [[m|en|parsnip]].^(DMLBS)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[rāpa]]
+ * [[rāpicius]]
+ * [[rāpistrum]]
+ * [[rāpulum]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[rāpīna]]
+ * [[en|rape]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}