retraho Latin · revision 9390
16 Oct 2026, 18:37 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Plautus|origins=la trahō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈrɛ.tra.(ɦ)oː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈrɛː.tra.o]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''retrahō''' (present infinitive retrahere, perfect active retrāxī, supine retractum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[re-]] “back” and [[trahō]] “to drag, draw”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Plautus, of dragging someone back.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to drag or pull backwards; to bring back, compel to return, as in Plautus and Cicero's ''Hannibalem in Āfricam retrahere''; to win back, as in Suetonius; to draw back out of the way, withdraw, as in Cicero; to hold back from an activity, restrain, as in Terence; and in Seneca to draw in, reduce.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to withdraw, restrain.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in Italian ''ritrarre'' and French ''retraire''.^(Wiktionary) The participle of Old French ''retraire'' gave [[en|retreat]] about 1300.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of restraining.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of withdrawing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 1300 – English ''retreat'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To drag back; to bring back by force.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To win back, retrieve.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To draw back, [[m|en|withdraw]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # To hold back, [[m|en|restrain]].^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)
+ # To draw in, reduce.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[retractiō]]
+ * [[retractus]]
+ * [[retractō]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[abstrahō]]
+ * [[attrahō]]
+ * [[circumtrahō]]
+ * [[contrahō]]
+ * [[dētrahō]]
+ * [[distrahō]]
+ * [[extrahō]]
+ * [[intertrahō]]
+ * [[intrahō]]
+ * [[obtrahō]]
+ * [[trahō]]
+ * [[en|retreat]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}