suspectus Latin · revision 9379

16 Oct 2026, 18:37 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
Initial text

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+ {{homograph|1|suspected}}
+ 
+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *speḱ-}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [sʊsˈpɛk.tʊs], [sʊsˈpɛk.tuːs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [susˈpɛk.tus], [susˈpɛk.tus]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''suspectus''' (feminine suspecta, neuter suspectum, comparative suspectior, superlative suspectissimus); first/second-declension adjective^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ The adjective is the perfect participle of [[suspiciō]] “to look up at; to suspect”, from [[sub]] “under” and [[speciō]] “to look”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)^(Etymonline) De Vaan traces ⟨speciō⟩ to [[itc-pro|*spekje/o-]], from [[ine-pro|*speḱ-|t=to look]].^(de Vaan 2008)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Plautus, of persons viewed with mistrust.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant viewed with mistrust, of doubtful character, suspected, as in Plautus and Cicero; believed without firm evidence, of dangers apprehended, as in Quintilian; and perhaps feeling mistrust, suspicious, as in Apuleius.^(OLD 2012) Festus remarked that it has different meanings, coming both from ''suspicor'' and ''suspiciō''.^(Gaffiot 2016)
+ 
+ Medieval Latin used it actively for anxious, distrustful.^(Niermeyer 1976) [[en|suspect]] (early 14th century, “under suspicion”) came through Old French ''suspect'' and directly from Latin.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it.^(Köbler 2010)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+ * early 14th century – English ''suspect'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # [[m|en|suspected|alt=Suspected]], mistrusted; [[m|en|suspect]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # Apprehended, feared.^(OLD 2012)
+ # [[m|en|suspicious|alt=Suspicious]], distrustful.^(OLD 2012)^(Niermeyer 1976)
+ 
+ {{homograph|2|looking up}}
+ 
+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Ovid|origins=ine-pro *speḱ-}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [sʊsˈpɛk.tʊs], [sʊsˈpɛk.tuːs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [susˈpɛk.tus], [susˈpɛk.tus]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''suspectus''' ''m'' (genitive suspectūs); fourth declension^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ The noun is from [[suspiciō]] “to look up at” with the action-noun suffix [[-tus]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Gaffiot cites Virgil, of a view upwards.^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Virgil 70–19 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It was a looking up at something, and the height seen from below, as in Virgil and Seneca; in Ovid it was looking up to a person, high regard.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Lewis & Short call it poetic and post-Augustan.^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ 
+ In Medieval Latin it meant suspicion.^(Niermeyer 1976) British Medieval Latin had ''in suspectū'' “under suspicion”.^(DMLBS)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of a view upwards.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it of high regard.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A looking upwards; height seen from below.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+ # High regard, [[m|en|esteem]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' [[m|en|suspicion|alt=Suspicion]].^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS)
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[suspiciō]]
+ * [[suspicor]]
+ * [[speciō]]
+ * [[en|suspect]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}