transtrum Latin · revision 9373

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero|origins=la trāns}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈtrãː.strũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈtran.strum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''trānstrum''' ''n'' (genitive trānstrī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[trāns]] “across” with the instrumental suffix [[-trum]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's earliest source is Cicero, whom he dates 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was a crossbeam laid across a structure, a transom, as in Vitruvius, and especially a thwart, a rowers' bench across a boat, as in Cicero, Caesar and Virgil.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ British Medieval Latin used it for a crossbeam and for part of a necklace or brooch.^(DMLBS) It survives in Italian ''trasto'' and Spanish ''trasto''.^(Wiktionary) [[en|transom]] (mid-14th century, a crossbeam over an opening) is probably from it.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius uses it of a crossbeam.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-14th century – English ''transom'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A crossbeam, [[m|en|transom]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # A rower's bench, [[m|en|thwart]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[trānstillum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[trāns]]

+ * [[en|transom]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}