diploma Latin · revision 9360

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=Cicero|origins=grc δίπλωμα}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [dɪˈpɫoː.ma], [dɪpˈɫoː.ma]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [diˈplɔː.ma], [dipˈlɔː.ma]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''diplōma''' ''n'' (genitive diplōmatis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Also ''duplōma''; the grammarians record ''dipluma'' and ''diplōmum''.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|δίπλωμα|tr=díplōma|t=folded paper; licence]], from [[m|grc|διπλόος|tr=diplóos|t=double]], a letter folded double.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Lewis & Short and Köbler cite Cicero, of a state letter of recommendation for travellers.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was a folded tablet with a magistrate's instructions giving the bearer free passage and help on a journey, as in Cicero and Tacitus; under the Empire it allowed the use of the imperial post, and it was also a letter of recommendation or a certificate of privileges, as in Suetonius.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) An officer ''ā diplōmatibus'' issued them for the emperor.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Medieval Latin it was a decree of a church council and a bill of indictment.^(Niermeyer 1976) British Medieval Latin used it for an official document, especially a papal letter of appointment.^(DMLBS) In Ecclesiastical Latin it was a diploma, charter.^(Stelten 1995) [[en|diploma]] (1640s, “state paper”) is from it, and New Latin ''diplōmaticus'' (1680s) gave [[en|diplomatic]], first “of official documents”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of letters of passage.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus uses it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 845 – a church council uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1640s – English ''diploma'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A folded tablet granting free passage, a [[m|en|passport]]; a permit for the imperial post.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A letter of recommendation; a certificate of privileges.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' An official document, [[m|en|charter]]; a conciliar decree.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[diplōmārius]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[diplōmatia]]

+ * [[diplōmaticus]]

+ * [[en|diploma]]

+ * [[en|diplomatic]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}