simplus Latin · revision 9351
16 Oct 2026, 18:25 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
Initial text
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *sem-}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈsɪm.pɫʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈsim.plus]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''simplus''' (feminine simpla, neuter simplum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from the root ⟨sem-⟩ “one” of [[semel]] “once” and the suffix [[-plus]] “-fold” of [[duplus]] “double”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The root goes back to [[ine-pro|*sem-|t=one, together]].^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) Compare [[simplex]] and [[grc|ἁπλοῦς|tr=haploûs|t=single]].^(Wiktionary)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Köbler's earliest source is Plautus, whom he dates c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ In Classical Latin it was used mostly as a noun, ''simpla pecūnia'' or ''simpla'', the simple sum, and ''simplum'', the single amount, as opposed to the double that a penalty might require, as in Cicero and Livy.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) As an ordinary adjective, “simple, single”, it is post-classical: Prudentius uses it of death.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+
+ British Medieval Latin used it for single, made of one thing, and of the single death of Christ.^(DMLBS) The related ⟨simplex⟩, not ⟨simplus⟩, is the source of [[en|simple]].^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses ''simplum'' “the single amount”.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 348/49–c. 413 AD – Prudentius uses it as an adjective.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # ''(Late Latin)'' [[m|en|simple|alt=Simple]], single.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+
+ ===Noun===
+ # (''simpla'', ''simplum'') The simple amount, the single sum (not the [[m|en|double]]).^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[simpla]]
+ * [[simplaris]]
+ * [[simplārius]]
+ * [[simpliciī]]
+ * [[simplium]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[simplex]]
+ * [[semel]]
+ * [[duplus]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}