vigilans Latin · revision 9349

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la vigil}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈwɪ.ɡɪ.ɫãːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈviː.d͡ʒi.lans]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vigilāns''' (genitive vigilantis, comparative vigilantior, superlative vigilantissimus, adverb vigilanter); third-declension one-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the present participle of [[vigilō]] “to stay awake, keep watch”, from [[vigil]] “awake, watchful”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's earliest source is Plautus, whom he dates c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ As an adjective it meant wakeful, watchful, of watchmen, and in general vigilant, alert, careful, as in Cicero, who has the comparative and superlative.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ It gave [[en|vigilant]] in the late 15th century, through Old French ''vigilant'' and directly.^(Etymonline) Spanish ''vigilante'' “watchman” gave American [[en|vigilante]] in 1856, a member of a vigilance committee.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of an alert person.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 15th century – English ''vigilant'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1856 – American English ''vigilante'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Wakeful, watchful, [[m|en|vigilant]], alert.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vigilō]]

+ * [[vigil]]

+ * [[vigilantia]]

+ * [[en|vigilant]]

+ * [[en|vigilante]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}