canon Latin · revision 9345

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=Vitruvius|origins=grc κανών}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈka.noːn]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkaː.non]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''canōn''' ''m'' (genitive canonis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Pliny the Elder has the Greek accusative ''canona'', and Cicero writes it in Greek letters.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|κανών|tr=kanṓn|t=measuring rod, rule, standard]], related to [[m|grc|κάννα|tr=kánna|t=reed]], perhaps from a Semitic word like [[hbo|קנה|tr=qaneh|t=reed]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's earliest source and the OLD's first citation are from Vitruvius, of the soundboard of a water organ.^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Vitruvius c. 84–c. 25 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Vitruvius it was the soundboard of a water organ, and in Pliny the Elder a model or standard.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Isidore explains that ''canōn'' in Greek is ''rēgula'' “rule” in Latin.^(Isidore)

+

+ In Late and Medieval Latin it was a grammatical rule, a metrical scheme, a periodical payment, the list of books of the Bible acknowledged by the Church, the Bible itself, the canon of the Mass, a rule of life for clergy and monks, a decree of a council, and a relic.^(Niermeyer 1976) In Ecclesiastical Latin it was also a catalogue of saints and a church title.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin used it for church rules and canon law, as in Bede.^(DMLBS) Old English borrowed it as ''canon'', the source of [[en|canon]] “a rule of the Church”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius uses it of a soundboard.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of a model.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 560–636 AD – Isidore glosses it as ''rēgula''.^(Isidore)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 673 – Bede reports the council of Hertford meeting according to the canons.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The soundboard of a [[m|en|water organ]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # A model, standard.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' A [[m|en|rule|alt=Rule]], norm; a decree of a council; canon law.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Stelten 1995)^(DMLBS)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' The list of the books of the Bible; the [[m|en|canon]] of the Mass; a catalogue of saints.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A periodical payment.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[canonicus]]

+ * [[canōnizō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[rēgula]]

+ * [[en|canon]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A separate Medieval Latin ''canōn'' “cannon”, from [[canna]] “pipe”, is recorded by Niermeyer.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}