chirurgia Latin · revision 9343

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=Celsus|origins=grc χειρουργία}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [kʰiːˈruːr.ɡi.a], [kʰiːˈruːr.ɡi.aː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [kiˈrur.d͡ʒi.a], [kiˈrur.d͡ʒi.a]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''chīrūrgia''' ''f'' (genitive chīrūrgiae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|χειρουργία|tr=kheirourgía|t=handiwork, surgery]], from [[m|grc|χείρ|tr=kheír|t=hand]] and the root of [[m|grc|ἔργον|tr=érgon|t=work]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Lewis & Short cite Celsus, in the preface of his seventh book, on surgery.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates Celsus 14–37 AD.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant surgery, as in Celsus and Scribonius Largus, and Cicero used it figuratively of a violent remedy.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical and Medieval Latin it kept the sense surgery.^(Stelten 1995)^(DMLBS) Through Old French ''serurgerie'' it gave [[en|surgery]] about 1300, and its agent noun gave [[en|surgeon]].^(Etymonline) The 1530s spelling ''chirurgeon'' was an attempt to restore the Greek form.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus uses it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 5th century AD – Caelius Aurelianus uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''surgery'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|surgery|alt=Surgery]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # (figurative) A violent remedy.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[chīrūrgicus]]

+ * [[chīrūrgius]]

+ * [[chīrūrgus]]

+ * [[en|surgery]]

+ * [[en|surgeon]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}