declino Latin · revision 9342
16 Oct 2026, 18:25 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *ḱley-}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [deːˈkliː.noː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [deˈkliː.no]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''dēclīnō''' (present infinitive dēclīnāre, perfect active dēclīnāvī, supine dēclīnātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[dē-]] “down, away” and ⟨*clīnō⟩ “to bend, incline”, found in [[acclīnō]], related to [[grc|κλίνω|tr=klínō|t=to bend]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Gaffiot cites Plautus, ''sē dēclīnāre extrā viam'' “to turn aside from the road”.^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to turn aside, deflect, divert, and intransitively to deviate, swerve, as in Cicero and Lucretius; to tilt downwards, as in Vitruvius; and in Apuleius to sink down.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Cicero also used it for avoiding or dodging something and for stepping aside from a course of conduct.^(OLD 2012) In grammar, from Varro on, it meant to change the form of a word, to inflect.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to incline, lean to one side, step aside, turn away.^(Stelten 1995) [[en|decline]] came through Old French ''decliner'' in the late 14th century.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of turning aside.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of inflecting words.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of avoiding.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * late 14th century – English ''decline'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To turn aside, [[m|en|deflect]]; to deviate, swerve.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To tilt downwards; to sink down, [[m|en|decline]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # To avoid, dodge; to step aside from.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(grammar)'' To [[m|en|inflect]], change the form of a word.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[condeclino]]
+ * [[declinabilis]]
+ * [[dēclīnātiō]]
+ * [[dēclīnātus]]
+ * [[dēclīnis]]
+ * [[indēclīnātus]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[dēclivis]]
+ * [[acclīnō]]
+ * [[inclīnō]]
+ * [[en|decline]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}