palam Latin · revision 9338

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|attested=Ennius}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpa.ɫãː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpaː.lam]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''palam''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is uncertain.^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan reports three proposals by Schrijver: the ending ⟨-am⟩ was taken over from [[clam]] “secretly”; it is a locative [[ine-pro|*pl̥h₂-em-i]] “in the flat hand”; or an accusative.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The root would be [[m|ine-pro|*pelh₂-|t=flat]], the source of [[plānus]] and [[palma]].^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) The OLD compares [[cu|поле|tr=polje|t=field]] and takes the ending from ⟨clam⟩.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's earliest source is Ennius, whom he dates 204–169 BC, and the OLD's first citation for “openly” is from Ennius.^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012) De Vaan has it from Plautus on.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant openly, publicly, without concealment, as in Ennius, and with ''facere'' or ''prōferre'' to make known, divulge, as in Plautus.^(OLD 2012) Its use as a preposition with the ablative, “openly before”, as in Horace, is later than that of ''clam''.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant openly, evidently.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin used it for publicly, often contrasted with ''clam'', and ''in palam venīre'' “to come into the open”.^(DMLBS) It is the base of Italian ''palese'' “evident”.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus has ''palam facere''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it as a preposition.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|openly|alt=Openly]], publicly, without [[m|en|concealment]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # (with ''facere'' and similar verbs) To make known, [[m|en|divulge]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ===Preposition===

+ # (with the ablative) In the presence of.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dēpālō]]

+ * [[prōpalam]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[clam]]

+ * [[palma]]

+ * [[plānus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}