culmus Latin · revision 9336

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Varro|origins=ine-pro *ḱolh₂-mo-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkʊɫ.mʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkul.mus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''culmus''' ''m'' (genitive culmī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*kol(a)mo-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*ḱolh₂-mo-|t=stalk, stem, straw]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[grc|κάλαμος|tr=kálamos|t=reed, straw]], [[ru|солома|tr=solóma|t=straw]] and [[goh|halm|t=stalk, straw]], which gave [[en|haulm]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) The Greek word was borrowed as [[calamus]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ De Vaan explains the Latin form by Nussbaum's view that ⟨*kolamos⟩ became ⟨*kolmos⟩ and then ⟨culmus⟩, while noting that Schrijver doubts it.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and the OLD date it from Varro, of the stem of a cereal.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Varro 116–27 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was the stem of a cereal grass or another plant, as in Varro and Cicero, and in Virgil the dry stems used as straw, as for thatching.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ British Medieval Latin used it for a haulm, a corn-stalk, a bundle of thatch, and collectively for stubble.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of straw.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|stalk]] or stem of a cereal or other plant.^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|straw|alt=Straw]]; thatch.^(OLD 2012)^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[calamus]]

+ * [[culmen]]

+ * [[en|haulm]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}