putus Latin · revision 9335

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|attested=Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpʊ.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpuː.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''putus''' (feminine puta, neuter putum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is uncertain.^(Wiktionary) The OLD suggests it may be cognate with [[pūrus]] “clean”, and Lewis & Short and Köbler derive it from the root of ⟨pūrus⟩ and [[putō]] “to prune, reckon”, [[ine-pro|*peuH-|t=to cleanse]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010) Wiktionary explains the short vowel as from ⟨*ph₂u-tós⟩ or by pretonic shortening of ⟨*puHtós⟩.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's earliest source is Plautus, whom he dates c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010) The OLD's first citation is from Varro.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant pure, refined, unadulterated, mostly in the doubled phrase ''pūrus putus'' “pure and unmixed”, which Varro explains, and figuratively genuine, thoroughgoing, and Cicero may use it for choice, exquisite.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) ''Argentum putum'' was refined silver.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ British Medieval Latin kept the sense pure, refined, explaining it as “cleansed”.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro explains ''pūrus putus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|pure|alt=Pure]], refined, unadulterated; genuine, thoroughgoing.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Choice, exquisite (doubtful).^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pisinnus]]

+ * [[pullus]]

+ * [[puer]]

+ * [[pūrus]]

+ * [[pūsus]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A second ''putus'' “boy”, a form of [[pūsus]], rests on Scaliger's conjecture in the Catalepton attributed to Virgil.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan treats it as the base of [[pullus]] “young animal” and [[putillus]] “tiny”, with Oscan ''puklum'' “son”, from [[ine-pro|*put-lo-|t=son]].^(de Vaan 2008) Italian ''putto'' and Spanish ''puto'' continue it.^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}