potio Latin · revision 9326
16 Oct 2026, 18:23 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la pōtō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpoː.ti.oː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpɔt.t͡si.o]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''pōtiō''' ''f'' (genitive pōtiōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[pōtō]] “to drink” with the suffix [[-tiō]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Isidore thought it came from Greek ⟨pótos⟩ “drink”.^(Isidore)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Plautus, of drinking, a drink and a dose of medicine.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It was the act of drinking, especially of wine, as in Cicero's ''in mediā pōtiōne'' “in the middle of drinking”; a drink; and a draught of medicine, a dose, and also of poison or a magic potion.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Etymonline)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant drinking, a potion.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin used it for spiced wine.^(Niermeyer 1976) Through Old French ''poison'' “a drink, a potion” it gave [[en|poison]] about 1200, “a deadly potion”, and through Old French ''pocion'' it gave [[en|potion]] about 1300.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of drinking.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 1200 – English ''poison'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ * c. 1300 – English ''potion'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # The act of [[m|en|drinking]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # A drink.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A medicinal draught, dose, [[m|en|potion]]; a poisonous or magic draught.^(OLD 2012)^(Etymonline)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Spiced wine.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[pōtiōnō]]
+ * [[pōtiuncula]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[pōtō]]
+ * [[pōtus]]
+ * [[en|poison]]
+ * [[en|potion]]
+
+ ==Usage notes==
+ A different and rare verb ''potiō'' “to put into someone's power” is from [[potis]] “able”, and Plautus has it.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}