prunum Latin · revision 9325

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=Cato|origins=grc προῦμνον}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpruː.nũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpruː.num]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''prūnum''' ''n'' (genitive prūnī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|προῦμνον|tr=proûmnon|t=plum]], with a dissimilation of the consonants.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)^(Etymonline) Etymonline says the Greek word is probably, like the tree, from a language of Asia Minor.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's earliest source is Cato, whom he dates 234–149 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was a plum: Virgil has waxy plums, ''cērea prūna'', and Columella and Pliny the Elder name kinds, and Virgil also used it for the sloe.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ British Medieval Latin had ''prūnum Damascēnum'', the damson, and distinguished fresh and dried plums.^(DMLBS) Its plural ''prūna'', taken as a feminine singular, gave Italian ''pruna'', Romanian ''prună'' and Old French ''prune''.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) [[en|prune]] came from French in the mid-14th century, first “a plum”, and Old English ''plūme'', the source of [[en|plum]], is an earlier Germanic borrowing of Vulgar Latin ''*prūna''.^(Etymonline)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil has ''cērea prūna''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-14th century – English ''prune'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|plum]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # A [[m|en|sloe]].^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[prūnulum]]

+ * [[nuciprūnum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[prūnus]]

+ * [[en|prune]]

+ * [[en|plum]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}