natus Latin · revision 9322
16 Oct 2026, 18:20 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{homograph|1|born; son}}
+
+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Naevius|origins=ine-pro *ǵenh₁-}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈnaː.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈnaː.tus]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''nātus''' ''m'' (genitive nātī, feminine nāta); second declension^(Wiktionary)
+ Also spelled ''gnātus''.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is the perfect participle of [[nāscor]] “to be born”, older ⟨gnātus⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan reconstructs [[itc-pro|*gnāto-|t=born; son]], from [[ine-pro|*ǵn̥h₁-tó-|t=born]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with Paelignian ⟨cnatois⟩ “to the sons”, Gaulish ⟨-gnātus⟩ and [[sa|जात|tr=jātá-|t=born; son]].^(de Vaan 2008)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ De Vaan dates the noun “son” from Naevius.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Naevius c. 235–200 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ As a participle it meant born, and as an adjective made by birth, constituted by nature, as in ''ita nātus est'' “that is his nature”, and in ''prō rē nātā'' “as things stand”, as in Cicero.^(Gaffiot 2016) As a noun it meant a son, in the plural children, and also the young of animals.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant son, offspring; in the plural children, posterity.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in Italian ''nato'' and Romanian ''nat''.^(Wiktionary) [[en|nation]] and [[en|native]] come from its derivatives ''nātiō'' and ''nātīvus''.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses ''gnātus'' “son”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # [[m|en|born|alt=Born]]; made so by nature.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+
+ ===Noun===
+ # A [[m|en|son]], (plural) children; the young of animals.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[nāta]]
+ * [[nātālis]]
+ * [[nātiō]]
+ * [[nātīvus]]
+
+ {{homograph|2|birth, age}}
+
+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *ǵenh₁-}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈnaː.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈnaː.tus]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''nātus''' ''m'' (genitive nātūs); fourth declension^(Wiktionary)
+ It is used only in the ablative singular, ''nātū''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is an action noun from [[nāscor]] “to be born” with the suffix [[-tus]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan reconstructs a Proto-Italic ⟨u⟩-stem [[itc-pro|*gnātu-|t=birth]].^(de Vaan 2008)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ De Vaan dates ''nātū'' “by birth, of age” from Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It occurs only as the ablative ''nātū'', “by birth, in age”, in phrases like ''maior nātū'' “older” and ''māiōrēs nātū'' “elders”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Stelten 1995) Pliny the Elder used it of plants, “in growth”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ British Medieval Latin used it for status by birth, and for the wergeld that depended on it.^(DMLBS)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses ''nātū''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of the growth of plants.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # (ablative ''nātū'') By birth, in age: ''maior nātū'' “[[m|en|elder]]”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Stelten 1995)
+ # (of plants) Growth.^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Status of birth; [[m|en|wergeld]].^(DMLBS)
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[nāscor]]
+ * [[cognātus]]
+ * [[en|nation]]
+ * [[en|native]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}