circumvenio Latin · revision 9293
16 Oct 2026, 18:06 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Ennius|origins=ine-pro *gʷem-}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [kɪr.kʊmˈwɛ.ni.oː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [t͡ʃir.kumˈvɛː.ni.o], [ˌkɪr.kũːˈwɛ.ni.oː]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''circumveniō''' (present infinitive circumvenīre, perfect active circumvēnī, supine circumventum); fourth conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[circum-]] “around” and [[veniō]] “to come”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) De Vaan traces ⟨veniō⟩ to [[ine-pro|*gʷm̥-yé-|t=to come]].^(de Vaan 2008)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Ennius, of conditions that beset someone.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to surround with hostile forces, as in Caesar, and of places and things to surround, enclose, as in Sallust.^(OLD 2012) In Terence it meant to cheat, trick, circumvent, and in Cicero to prosecute or convict someone unjustly.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to surround, beset, overreach, circumvent.^(Stelten 1995) Its participle ''circumventus'' gave [[en|circumvent]] in the mid-15th century, first “to surround by hostile stratagem”.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of cheating.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it of surrounding troops.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * mid-15th century – English ''circumvent'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To [[m|en|surround]], encircle.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To beset.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To cheat, [[m|en|circumvent]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # To oppress by false accusation.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[circumventiō]]
+ * [[circumventor]]
+ * [[circumventus]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[adveniō]]
+ * [[anteveniō]]
+ * [[circumventōrius]]
+ * [[contrāveniō]]
+ * [[conveniō]]
+ * [[dēveniō]]
+ * [[ēveniō]]
+ * [[interveniō]]
+ * [[inveniō]]
+ * [[obveniō]]
+ * [[veniō]]
+ * [[en|circumvent]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}