excido Latin · revision 9289
16 Oct 2026, 18:06 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{homograph|1|to fall out}}
+
+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Naevius|origins=la cadō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɛks.kɪ.doː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈɛks.t͡ʃi.do]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''excidō''' (present infinitive excidere, perfect active excidī); third conjugation, no passive, no supine stem^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ This verb is from [[ex-]] and [[cadō]] “to fall”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Naevius, of things lost.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Naevius c. 235–200 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to fall out or off, as in Cato, and to be lost unobserved, as in Plautus.^(OLD 2012) Celsus used it of parts of the body slipping out of place, Quintilian of a metrical foot ending a line, and Cicero of words that slip out, are let fall.^(OLD 2012) In Terence it meant to be disappointed of something, in Ovid to lose one's senses, and in Naevius to perish, be lost.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of falling out.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of words.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To fall out, drop.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To slip out (of words).^(OLD 2012)
+ # To be deprived of.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To be lost, perish.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ {{homograph|2|to cut out}}
+
+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Cato|origins=la caedō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ɛksˈkiː.doː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [eksˈt͡ʃiː.do]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''excīdō''' (present infinitive excīdere, perfect active excīdī, supine excīsum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ This verb is from [[ex-]] and [[caedō]] “to cut”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Cato, of cutting out.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Cato 234–149 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to cut out, remove by cutting, as in Cato, and in Cicero to hollow out and to raze towns, lay waste land, and Cicero has ''lapidēs ē terrā excīdere'' “to hew stones out of the earth”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Pliny the Elder used it of cutting into a shape and Ovid of castrating.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ Its participle ''excīsus'' gave [[en|excise]] “to cut out” in the 1570s, and ''excīsiō'' gave [[en|excision]] in the late 15th century; the tax called ''excise'' is from Middle Dutch, influenced by it.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of razing towns.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 1570s – English ''excise'' “cut out” is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To cut out.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To hollow out.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To [[m|en|raze]], destroy.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[excīsātus]]
+ * [[excīsiō]]
+ * [[excīsor]]
+ * [[excīsōrius]]
+ * [[excīsūra]]
+ * [[excīsus]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[accidō]]
+ * [[cadō]]
+ * [[concidō]]
+ * [[dēcidō]]
+ * [[excidium]]
+ * [[incidō]]
+ * [[intercidō]]
+ * [[occidō]]
+ * [[prōcidō]]
+ * [[recidō]]
+ * [[abscīdō]]
+ * [[caedō]]
+ * [[circumcīdō]]
+ * [[discīdō]]
+ * [[en|excise]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}