participle English · revision 926

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /pɑːˈtɪsɪpəl/, /ˈpɑːtɪsɪpəl/ ''(UK)''; /ˈpɑɹtɪˌsɪpəl/ ''(US)''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|participle]], [[bor|fro|participle]], a variant of ''participe'',^(AHD)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU) and directly [[der|la|participium|t=a sharing, partaking]],^(AHD)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)^(RHWU) from ''particeps'' “sharing, partaking”.^(AHD)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate) In grammar the Latin word translated Greek ''metokhḗ'' “sharer”, the participle being thought to share the nature of both verb and adjective.^(Etymonline)^(RHWU)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In grammar, a word sharing the nature of a verb and an adjective (1388 in the OED; before 1397 in Barnhart).^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The ''-l-'' is intrusive, as in [[syllable]];^(Etymonline) Middle English also had ''participe''.^(Etymonline) In the 15th century the word was also used of anything partaking of the nature of two classes (1432–50), a sense now obsolete.^(OED 1989) ''Participial'' dates from 1591.^(Barnhart 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1388 – the grammatical sense.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995)

+ * 1432–50 – something sharing two natures (obsolete).^(OED 1989)

+ * 1591 – ''participial''.^(Barnhart 1995)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(grammar)'' A form of a [[verb]] that can function as an [[adjective]], as ''baked'' in ''baked beans'', and is used with an auxiliary to form tenses, aspects and the [[passive voice]], as in ''the beans were baked''.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[participate]]

+ * [[particle]]

+ * [[gerund]]

+ * [[syllable]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The AHD warns against the “dangling participle”, a participle phrase not attached to the noun it should modify, as in ''Turning the corner, the view was different''.^(AHD) It notes that some expressions derived from participles, such as ''considering'', ''concerning'' and ''judging by'', are now established as prepositions and may be used freely.^(AHD)

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}