burgus Latin · revision 9253

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=borrowing|attested=inscriptions|origins=gem-pro *burgs}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''burgus''' ''m'' (genitive burgī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is certainly a borrowing, first attested in the early 2nd century AD, but its source is uncertain: Germanic ⟨*burg⟩ “fort”, [[grc|πύργος|tr=púrgos|t=tower]], or both.^(Wiktionary) The OLD and Lewis & Short compare ⟨pýrgos⟩, and the TLL reports Much's view that the Greek source is more likely than [[got|𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐍃|tr=baurgs|t=city]], while Köbler and Georges take it as Germanic, from Proto-Indo-European ⟨*bʰerǵʰ-⟩ “to keep safe”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first sources are inscriptions and Sidonius Apollinaris (about 431–486 AD).^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant a castle, fort, as in Vegetius and Orosius, and Vegetius describes it as a small fort.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Isidore uses it of a village or small town.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Medieval Latin it meant a town, and its derivative ''burgēnsis'' “townsman” gave Old French ''borjois'', [[en|burgess]] about 1200 and French ''bourgeois''.^(Etymonline) It survives in Italian ''borgo'' and Spanish ''burgo''.^(Wiktionary) Anglo-Latin ''burglātor'' gave [[en|burglar]] in the 1540s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * early 2nd century AD – Inscriptions record it.^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 400 AD – Vegetius uses it of a small fort.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 560–636 AD – Isidore uses it of a village.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1200 – English ''burgess'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|castle]], fort.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Late Latin)'' A small town, [[m|en|borough]].^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[burgārius]]

+ * [[burgēnsis]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|burgess]]

+ * [[en|bourgeois]]

+ * [[en|burglar]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}