excerno Latin · revision 9244

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Vitruvius|origins=la cernō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ɛksˈkɛr.noː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [eksˈt͡ʃɛr.no]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''excernō''' (present infinitive excernere, perfect active excrēvī, supine excrētum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[ex-]] “out” and [[cernō]] “to sift, separate”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) De Vaan traces ⟨cernō⟩ to Proto-Indo-European ⟨*kr-n-i-⟩ “to sift, separate”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Vitruvius, of sifting.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Vitruvius c. 84–c. 25 BC.^(Köbler 2010) Lewis & Short suggest it is not found before the Augustan period.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to separate, sift out, as in Vitruvius and in Columella of bran from flour, and Livy used it for sorting people out.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) In Celsus it meant to excrete.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Its participle ''excrētus'' gave [[en|excrete]] in the 1610s, and ''excrēmentum'' gave [[en|excrement]] in the 1530s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius uses it of sifting.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus uses it of excreting.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1530s – English ''excrement'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1610s – English ''excrete'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To sift out, separate.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|excrete]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[excrēmentum]]

+ * [[excrēta]]

+ * [[excrētus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cernō]]

+ * [[concernō]]

+ * [[dēcernō]]

+ * [[discernō]]

+ * [[incernō]]

+ * [[sēcernō]]

+ * [[en|excrete]]

+ * [[en|excrement]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}