imperatrix Latin · revision 9241

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero|origins=la parō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ɪm.pɛˈraː.triːks]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [im.peˈraː.triks]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''imperātrīx''' ''f'' (genitive imperātrīcis, masculine imperātor); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''inperātrīx''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[imperō]] “to command” with the feminine agent suffix [[-trīx]], the feminine of [[imperātor]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Cicero uses it ironically of Clodia, as a female general.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Cicero it meant a woman who commands, a female general, ironically.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis & Short call it very rare.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In Late Latin it meant an empress, and British Medieval Latin used it for the wife or widow of an emperor, of the Eastern and of the Holy Roman Empire.^(DMLBS) Through Old French ''emperesse'' and Anglo-Norman ''emperice'' it gave [[en|empress]] in the mid-12th century.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of Clodia.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-12th century – English ''empress'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A woman who commands, a female general.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Late Latin)'' An [[m|en|empress]].^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[imperātor]]

+ * [[imperō]]

+ * [[imperium]]

+ * [[en|empress]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}