violens Latin · revision 9219

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=Horace|origins=la vīs}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈwi.ɔ.ɫẽːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈviː.o.lens]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''violēns''' (genitive violentis, comparative violentior, adverb violenter); third-declension one-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a by-form of [[violentus]] “violent”, from [[vīs]] “force”, and the OLD suggests it was formed on the analogy of [[vehemēns]], and Wiktionary suggests a rebracketing of ⟨violentus⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is Horace, whom he dates 65–8 BC, and Horace uses it of the river Aufidus and of a horse.^(Köbler 2010)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant violent, vehement, impetuous, of winds, rivers, horses and people.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Lewis & Short note that it is mostly poetic and post-Augustan, while ''violentus'' is the classical form.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ British Medieval Latin used it for aggressive, violent.^(DMLBS) [[en|violent]] (mid-14th century) is from Old French ''violent'' or Latin ''violentus''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it.^(Köbler 2010)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ * mid-14th century – English ''violent'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|violent|alt=Violent]], vehement, impetuous.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[violentus]]

+ * [[violentia]]

+ * [[vīs]]

+ * [[en|violent]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}