artificialis Latin · revision 9213

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Quintilian|origins=la ars, la faciō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ar.tɪ.fɪ.kiˈaː.lɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ar.ti.fi.t͡ʃiˈaː.lis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''artificiālis''' (neuter artificiāle); third-declension two-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[artificium]] “art, skill” with the suffix [[-ālis]], from [[artifex]] “craftsman”, from [[ars]] and [[faciō]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is Quintilian, whom he dates c. 35–95/96 AD, and Lewis & Short note it is perhaps found only in him.^(Köbler 2010)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant contrived by art, according to the rules of art; in Quintilian's rhetoric ''probātiōnēs artificiālēs'', translating Greek ''entechnos'', are proofs devised by the speaker, and the neuter plural meant technicalities.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ British Medieval Latin used it for artificial, produced by human skill, for skilled, artistic, and in medicine for prescribed.^(DMLBS) Through Old French ''artificial'' it gave [[en|artificial]] in the late 14th century, “not natural or spontaneous”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian uses it.^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012)

+ * late 14th century – English ''artificial'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Made by art, according to the rules of art.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(rhetoric)'' Devised by the speaker.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' [[m|en|artificial|alt=Artificial]]; skilled.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[inartificiālis]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[artificium]]

+ * [[artifex]]

+ * [[ars]]

+ * [[en|artificial]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}