barbaria Latin · revision 9212

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=grc βάρβαρος}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [barˈba.ri.a]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [barˈbaː.ri.a]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''barbaria''' ''f'' (genitive barbariae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+ The form ''barbariēs'' is poetic and post-Augustan, found once in Cicero.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[barbarus]] “foreign, barbarian” with the suffix [[-ia]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) ⟨Barbarus⟩ is [[bor|grc|βάρβαρος|tr=bárbaros|t=non-Greek]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Gaffiot cites Plautus, who uses it from the Greek point of view for Italy.^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant a foreign country, and in Cicero the foreign world, the uncivilized peoples outside Greece and Italy.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Cicero also used it for barbarousness, brutality, lack of culture.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ Its adjective ''barbarus'' lies behind Medieval Latin ''barbarīnus'' and [[en|barbarian]] in the mid-14th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of Italy.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the foreign world and of barbarism.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-14th century – English ''barbarian'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A foreign land; the barbarian world.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Barbarousness, [[m|en|barbarism]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[barbariēs]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[barbarus]]

+ * [[en|barbarian]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}