confirmatio Latin · revision 9204

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero|origins=la firmus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [kõː.fɪrˈmaː.ti.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [koɱ.firˈmat.t͡si.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cōnfirmātiō''' ''f'' (genitive cōnfirmātiōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[cōnfirmō]] “to strengthen, confirm” with the suffix [[-tiō]], from [[firmus]] “firm”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is Cicero, whom he dates 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant the action of making firm, as of teeth in a medical writer, and in Cicero encouragement, corroboration of an opinion, and in rhetoric the proof, the part of a speech containing it.^(OLD 2012) Cicero has ''ad cōnfirmātiōnem perpetuae lībertātis'' “to secure lasting liberty”.^(Gaffiot 2016) Lewis & Short note it is used in good prose only figuratively.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In Medieval Latin it meant a confirmatory charter.^(Niermeyer 1976) British Medieval Latin used it for fastening, the establishment of a disease, and in rhetoric.^(DMLBS) Through Old French ''confirmacion'' it gave [[en|confirmation]] about 1300, first the rite admitting the baptized to full communion.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it.^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''confirmation'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A strengthening, making firm.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Encouragement.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Corroboration, [[m|en|confirmation]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(rhetoric)'' The proof.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A confirmatory charter.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cōnfirmō]]

+ * [[firmus]]

+ * [[en|confirmation]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}