pruna Latin · revision 9156
16 Oct 2026, 18:04 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
Initial text
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=inherited|attested=Cato|origins=ine-pro *prewHs-}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpruː.na]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpruː.na]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''prūna''' ''f'' (genitive prūnae); first declension^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ The OLD compares, perhaps, [[pruīna]] “hoarfrost”, and Köbler traces it to Proto-Indo-European ⟨*prews-⟩ “to freeze; to burn”, and Lewis & Short related it to Greek ⟨πῦρ⟩ “fire”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Köbler's first source is Cato, whom he dates 234–149 BC.^(Köbler 2010)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant a glowing coal, a live coal, as in Cato, Horace and Pliny the Elder, and Virgil writes ''medium per ignem multā premimus vestīgia prūnā'' “we tread through the fire on many coals”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+
+ British Medieval Latin used it for a live coal.^(DMLBS) It survives in reshaped form in Catalan ''espurna'' “spark”.^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it.^(Köbler 2010)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A live [[m|en|coal]], ember.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[prūnum]]
+ * [[carbō]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}