exercito Latin · revision 9112

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Varro|origins=la arceō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ɛkˈsɛr.kɪ.toː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [eɡˈzɛr.t͡ʃi.to]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''exercitō''' (present infinitive exercitāre, perfect active exercitāvī, supine exercitātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a frequentative of [[exerceō]] “to keep busy, train” with the suffix [[-tō]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Varro, “to train” and “to vex”.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Varro 116–27 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to train, exercise, for physical or mental skill, and to vex, trouble, as in Varro, and Quintilian also uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Lewis & Short note that the finite verb is rare, while the participle ''exercitātus'' “practised, skilled” is common.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ It survives in Italian ''esercitare'', Spanish ''ejercitar'' and Romanian ''exercita''.^(Wiktionary) Its noun ''exercitātiō'' belongs with it, while [[en|exercise]] comes through Old French ''exercice'' from ''exercitium''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian uses it.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To train, [[m|en|exercise]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # To vex, trouble.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[exercitāmentum]]

+ * [[exercitātiō]]

+ * [[exercitātor]]

+ * [[exercitātrix]]

+ * [[inexercitātus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[exerceō]]

+ * [[exercitus]]

+ * [[en|exercise]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}