civiliter Latin · revision 8515

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero|origins=ine-pro *ḱey-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [kiːˈwiː.lɪ.tɛr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [t͡ʃiˈviː.li.ter]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cīvīliter''' (comparative cīvīlius, superlative cīvīlissimē)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[cīvīlis]] “of citizens, civil” with the adverb suffix [[-ter]], from [[cīvis]] “citizen”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces ⟨cīvis⟩ to Proto-Italic ⟨*keiwi-⟩ “society”, from Proto-Indo-European ⟨*ḱei-wo-⟩ “friendly, intimate”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Cicero, “as between citizens”.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant as between citizens, in civil life, and in a manner suited to citizens, both in Cicero; in Ovid it meant unpretentiously, like an ordinary person.^(OLD 2012) In Ulpian it meant according to civil law.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ British Medieval Latin used it for with civil authority, in the manner of a citizen, sociably, civilly, and in a seemly way.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it of modest behaviour.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * before 223 AD – Ulpian uses it of civil law.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # As between citizens.^(OLD 2012)

+ # As befits a citizen; [[m|en|civilly]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Unpretentiously.^(OLD 2012)

+ # According to civil law.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cīvicus]]

+ * [[cīvīle]]

+ * [[cīvīlis]]

+ * [[cīvīlitās]]

+ * [[cīvis]]

+ * [[en|civil]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}