necesse Latin · revision 8502

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la cēdō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [nɛˈkɛs.sɛ]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [neˈt͡ʃɛs.se]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''necesse''' (indeclinable)^(Wiktionary)

+ It is used only as a predicate, and other forms are ''necessis'', ''necessum'' and ''necessus''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from ⟨*ne-cezd-tis⟩, from [[ne-]] “not” and [[cēdō]] “to yield”, so “not to be avoided”, formed like ⟨pote⟩ from ⟨potis⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Plautus, of what is indispensable and compulsory.^(OLD 2012) Köbler's first source is Naevius, whom he dates c. 235–200 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant indispensable, essential, and forced, compulsory, as in Plautus; in Terence it meant necessarily true, and in Cicero inevitable by natural law.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it was an indeclinable adjective, necessary.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin used it as an adverb with the force of an adjective, and in a superlative.^(DMLBS) Its derivative ''necessārius'' gave [[en|necessary]] in the late 14th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of the indispensable.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the inevitable.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Indispensable, essential, [[m|en|necessary]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Inevitable.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Necessarily true.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Compulsory.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[necessārius]]

+ * [[necessitās]]

+ * [[necessō]]

+ * [[necessārium]]

+ * [[necessitūdō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cēdō]]

+ * [[en|necessary]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}