affligo Latin · revision 8481

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero|origins=la flīgō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [afˈfliː.ɡoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [afˈfliː.ɡo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''afflīgō''' (present infinitive afflīgere, perfect active afflīxī, supine afflīctum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''adflīgō''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[ad-]] and [[flīgō]] “to strike”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Cicero, of striking down and ruining.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to dash one thing against another, as in Propertius, and in Cicero to strike down, to ruin, crush, to vex, as disease or famine does, and to distress, afflict.^(OLD 2012) In Columella it meant to damage, weaken.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to afflict, punish, chastise, mortify.^(Stelten 1995) It was borrowed into Italian ''affliggere'' and Spanish ''afligir'', and its frequentative ''afflīctāre'' gave [[en|afflict]] through Old French in the late 14th century.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of striking down and afflicting.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 57/46–12 BC – Propertius uses it of dashing against.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''afflict'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To dash against.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To strike down.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To damage, weaken.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To ruin, crush.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To vex; to distress, [[m|en|afflict]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[afflīctiō]]

+ * [[afflīctō]]

+ * [[afflīctor]]

+ * [[afflictrix]]

+ * [[afflīctus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cōnflīgō]]

+ * [[efflīgō]]

+ * [[flīgō]]

+ * [[īnflīgō]]

+ * [[prōflīgō]]

+ * [[en|afflict]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}