cosmopolitan English · revision 848

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˌkɒz.məˈpɒl.ɪ.tən/ ''(UK)''; /ˌkɑz.məˈpɑl.ɪ.tən/ ''(US)''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Formed in English from [[cosmopolite]] “citizen of the world” with the suffix ''-an'', on the pattern of [[metropolitan]].^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)^(RHWU) ''Cosmopolite'' is from [[grc|κοσμοπολίτης|tr=kosmopolítēs|t=citizen of the world]], [[af|grc|κόσμος|πολίτης|tr1=kósmos|tr2=polítēs|t1=world|t2=citizen]].^(Barnhart 1995)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ As a noun, a cosmopolite (c. 1645);^(OED 1989)^(MW Collegiate)^(Etymonline) as an adjective, free from local or national prejudices (1798 in Merriam-Webster; 1815 in Etymonline; 1844 in Barnhart and the OED).^(MW Collegiate)^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1995)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The adjective came to mean “belonging to all parts of the world” (1833–48)^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) and “composed of people of all nations” (1840).^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) In natural history a cosmopolitan species is one found in many parts of the world (1860).^(OED 1989)^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate) ''Cosmopolitanism'', the idea of all humanity as one community, dates from 1828, though in the mid-20th century it took on a negative colouring in some political rhetoric.^(Etymonline) The vodka cocktail called a ''cosmopolitan'' dates from the late 1980s.^(Etymonline)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1645 – noun, a cosmopolite.^(OED 1989)^(MW Collegiate)

+ * 1798 – adjective (Merriam-Webster).^(MW Collegiate)

+ * 1840 – composed of many nationalities.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1860 – of a species, widely distributed.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # So sophisticated as to be at home in all parts of the world; free from local or national prejudice; [[worldly]].^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Composed of people or elements from many parts of the world, as in ''a cosmopolitan city''.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of the whole world; not limited to one country.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(biology)'' Found in many parts of the world; widely distributed.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A cosmopolitan person; a [[cosmopolite]].^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A cocktail of vodka, triple sec, lime juice and cranberry juice.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[cosmopolitanism]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cosmopolite]]

+ * [[cosmos]]

+ * [[metropolitan]]

+ * [[politics]]

+ * [[urbane]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}