arbitror Latin · revision 8471
16 Oct 2026, 16:03 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Ennius|origins=la arbiter}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈar.bɪ.trɔr]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈar.bi.tror]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''arbitror''' (present infinitive arbitrārī or arbitrārier, perfect active arbitrātus sum); first conjugation, deponent^(Wiktionary)
+ Plautus has the imperative ''arbitrāminō''.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[arbiter]] “witness, judge”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Ennius, of considering, and Plautus, of witnessing and of thinking.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ In Plautus it meant to observe, witness, and to think, imagine, and in Ennius to consider, reckon.^(OLD 2012) In Ulpian it meant to judge as an arbiter.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein groups ''cēnsēre'', ''iūdicāre'', ''arbitrārī'' and ''aestimāre'' as words for passing judgement with the authority of a judge.^(Döderlein 1874)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to think, decide, judge.^(Stelten 1995) It was borrowed into Italian ''arbitrare'' and Spanish ''arbitrar'', and its participle ''arbitrātus'' gave [[en|arbitrate]] in the 1580s.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of considering.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of witnessing and thinking.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * before 223 AD – Ulpian uses it of arbitrating.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 1580s – English ''arbitrate'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To observe, witness.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To judge as an arbiter, [[m|en|arbitrate]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # To consider, reckon.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To think, believe.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[arbiter]]
+ * [[arbitrium]]
+ * [[en|arbitrate]]
+
+ ==Usage notes==
+ Döderlein distinguishes it from [[cēnseō]], [[iūdicō]] and [[aestimō]].^(Döderlein 1874)
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}