calor Latin · revision 8467
16 Oct 2026, 16:03 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)”
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Ennius|origins=la caleō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈka.ɫɔr]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkaː.lor]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''calor''' ''m'' (genitive calōris); third declension^(Wiktionary)
+ Plautus uses it as a neuter.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[caleō]] “to be warm” with the suffix [[-or]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Ennius, of heat.^(OLD 2012) Köbler's first source is Plautus; he dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant heat, the heat of fire, and heat as one of the four elements, as in Ennius, and in Plautus the heat of the sun, hot weather.^(OLD 2012) In Cicero it meant bodily heat, and figuratively zeal, ardour; in Celsus a fever, and in Virgil love, passion.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant heat.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin used it for heat, in medicine and figuratively for passion.^(DMLBS) Proto-Romance ⟨*kaˈlore⟩ survives in Sardinian ''kalóre'', Italian ''calore'' and Spanish ''calor''.^(DÉRom)^(Wiktionary) French ''calorie'', formed from it, gave [[en|calorie]] in 1866.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of heat.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of the sun's heat.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of zeal.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 1866 – English ''calorie'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # [[m|en|Heat]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # The heat of the sun.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Bodily heat; [[m|en|fever]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # Zeal, [[m|en|ardour]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # Love, passion.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[calōrātus]]
+ * [[calōrificus]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[caldāmentum]]
+ * [[caldāria]]
+ * [[caldāriola]]
+ * [[caldārium]]
+ * [[caldārius]]
+ * [[caldor]]
+ * [[calefaciō]]
+ * [[calefactābilis]]
+ * [[calefactiō]]
+ * [[calefactō]]
+ * [[caleō]]
+ * [[calidus]]
+ * [[en|calorie]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}