censura Latin · revision 8463

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero|origins=la cēnseō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [kẽːˈsuː.ra]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [t͡ʃenˈsuː.ra]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cēnsūra''' ''f'' (genitive cēnsūrae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[cēnseō]] “to assess” with the suffix [[-ūra]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Cicero, of the censorship.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant the office of censor and its term, as in Cicero, and in Seneca assessment, appraisal.^(OLD 2012) In Ovid it meant oversight in moral matters, like that of the censors.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Medieval Latin used it for criminal justice, public authority, and the Church's disciplinary justice.^(Niermeyer 1976) In canon law a ''cēnsūra'' is a penalty depriving a contumacious offender of certain spiritual goods.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin used it for judgement, condemnation, and valuation.^(DMLBS) It was borrowed into Italian and Spanish ''censura'' and French ''censure'', and gave [[en|censure]] in the late 14th century, a judicial sentence.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the censorship.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it of moral oversight.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''censure'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The censorship.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Assessment, appraisal.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Moral oversight.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' An ecclesiastical penalty, [[m|en|censure]].^(Stelten 1995)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cēnseō]]

+ * [[cēnsor]]

+ * [[en|censure]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}