vivus Latin · revision 8460

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Naevius|origins=ine-pro *gʷih₃wós}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈwiː.wʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈviː.vus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vīvus''' (feminine vīva, neuter vīvum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*gʷīwos|t=alive]], [[inh|ine-pro|*gʷih₃-wós|t=alive]], from the root of [[vīvō]] “to live”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan treats the adjective and the verb as both inherited.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[osc|bivus|t=alive]], [[xve|vivoi]], [[sa|जीव|tr=jīvá-|t=alive]], [[grc|βίος|tr=bíos|t=life]], [[lt|gývas|t=alive]] and [[got|𐌵𐌹𐌿𐍃|tr=qius]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan's first source is Naevius, whom Köbler dates c. 235–200 BC.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) The OLD's earliest citation for the sense “living, alive” is from Plautus.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant living, alive, and ''vīvō'' with a name “in his lifetime”, ''ex vīvō'' was said of art made from life.^(OLD 2012) In the body it was the living flesh, the quick, and ''vōx vīva'' is the actual voice of a living person in Cicero.^(OLD 2012) Works of art were ''vīvus'' when lifelike, as in Virgil, and rock or other materials when in their natural state, ''calx vīva'' is quicklime and ''argentum vīvum'' quicksilver in Vitruvius.^(OLD 2012) Fire was live, alight, water was ''vīvus'' when it flowed fresh from a spring, and in Seneca abstract things were vivid, lively.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant alive, living, fresh, and as a noun a living person.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in Italian, Spanish and Portuguese ''vivo'', French ''vif'' and Romanian ''viu''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of the living.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius has ''calx vīva'' “quicklime” and ''argentum vīvum'' “quicksilver”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it of abstract things, “vivid”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Living, [[m|en|alive]], ''vīvō'' with a name, in someone's lifetime.^(OLD 2012)

+ # (of parts of the body) Living, ''vīvum'', the [[m|en|quick]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Lifelike.^(OLD 2012)

+ # (of rock, sulphur etc.) In its natural state, native, ''calx vīva'' quicklime, ''argentum vīvum'' quicksilver.^(OLD 2012)

+ # (of fire) Live, alight.^(OLD 2012)

+ # (of water) Flowing fresh from a spring.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Lively, [[m|en|vivid]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[redivīvus]]

+ * [[vīvārium]]

+ * [[vīvārius]]

+ * [[vīvātus]]

+ * [[vīviparus]]

+ * [[vīvum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vīta]]

+ * [[vītālis]]

+ * [[vīvācitās]]

+ * [[vīvāciter]]

+ * [[vīvē]]

+ * [[vīvēscō]]

+ * [[vīvidus]]

+ * [[vīvō]]

+ * [[en|vivid]]

+ * [[en|quick]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}