cupidus Latin · revision 8442

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Ennius|origins=la cupiō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkʊ.pɪ.dʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkuː.pi.dus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cupidus''' (feminine cupida, neuter cupidum, comparative cupidior, superlative cupidissimus); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[cupiō]] “to desire” with the suffix [[-idus]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Ennius, of the wanton.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant eager for carnal pleasure, wanton, as in Ennius, and in Horace longing, eager.^(OLD 2012) In Cicero it meant well-disposed to a person, partial, greedy for wealth, and ambitious.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein explains that ''velle'', ''optāre'' and ''expetere'' are acts of calm reason, while ''cupere'', ''avēre'' and ''gestīre'' are acts of excited feeling.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant desirous, eager, fond, passionate.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin used it for greedy, desirous.^(DMLBS) It was borrowed into Italian ''cupido'' and French ''cupide''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of the wanton.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the greedy and the partial.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of the eager.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Longing, eager.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Well-disposed; partial.^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|Greedy]], [[m|en|avaricious]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Ambitious.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Wanton, lustful.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[cupiditās]]

+ * [[incupidus]]

+ * [[praecupidus]]

+ * [[multicupidus]]

+ * [[turpilucricupidus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cupiō]]

+ * [[cupīdō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}