frux Latin · revision 8438
16 Oct 2026, 16:03 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)”
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Twelve Tables|origins=ine-pro *bʰruHg-}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈfruːks]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈfruks]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''frūx''' ''f'' (genitive frūgis); third declension^(Wiktionary)
+ It is usually plural, ''frūgēs'', and Ennius has a nominative singular ''frūx'' and Varro ''frūgis''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*frūks]], [[inh|ine-pro|*bʰruHg-s]], from [[ine-pro|*bʰruHg-|t=to use, enjoy]], the root of [[fruor]] “to enjoy”.^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Köbler's first source is the Twelve Tables (about 450 BC), and the OLD's earliest citation, from them, is of growing crops.^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ In the plural it meant the produce of the earth, fruit, crops, as in Horace and Cicero, and grain, as in Pacuvius.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) In the singular Ennius used it for fruition, maturity, and Plautus for moral worth, honesty, sobriety.^(OLD 2012) The dative ''frūgī'' “fit for use” became an indeclinable adjective, “honest, frugal”.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant fruit.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin used it for field crops, especially corn, and figuratively for a harvest.^(DMLBS) Its derivative ''frūgālis'' gave [[en|frugal]].^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 450 BC – The Twelve Tables use it of growing crops.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 220–130 BC – Pacuvius uses it of grain.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of honesty.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # (usually plural) The produce of the earth, [[m|en|fruit]], [[m|en|crops]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # [[m|en|Grain]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # Fruition, maturity.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Moral worth, honesty.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[defrugo]]
+ * [[frūgālis]]
+ * [[frūgāmenta]]
+ * [[frūgēscō]]
+ * [[frūgeus]]
+ * [[frūgifer]]
+ * [[frūgiferēns]]
+ * [[frūgilegus]]
+ * [[frugiparens]]
+ * [[frūgiparus]]
+ * [[frūgiperdius]]
+ * [[frūgī]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[fruor]]
+ * [[frūctus]]
+ * [[en|frugal]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}