procax Latin · revision 8420

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *preḱ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈprɔ.kaːks]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈprɔː.kaks]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''procāx''' (genitive procācis, superlative procācissimus, adverb procāciter); third-declension one-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from ⟨procāre⟩ “to ask, demand”, a verb related to [[procus]] “suitor”, with the suffix [[-āx]] “inclined to”, like ⟨edāx⟩ and ⟨loquāx⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces ⟨procus⟩ to [[ine-pro|*proḱ-o-|t=who asks]], from the root of [[poscō]] and [[prex]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Plautus, who calls a pimp ''procāx, rapāx, trahāx''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant pushing in one's demands, importunate, impudent, as in Plautus and Cicero, and in Pliny the Elder undisciplined, licentious.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Lewis & Short give bold, shameless, pert and wanton.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Aldhelm and other British Medieval Latin writers used it for impudent, excessively assertive.^(DMLBS) It was borrowed into Italian ''procace'' and Spanish ''procaz''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a pimp.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of the undisciplined.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Importunate, pushing, [[m|en|impudent]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Undisciplined, licentious, wanton.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[procācia]]

+ * [[procācitās]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[procus]]

+ * [[poscō]]

+ * [[prex]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}