uterque Latin · revision 8417

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *kʷo-tero-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ʊˈtɛr.kʷɛ]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [uˈtɛr.kʷe]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''uterque''' (feminine utraque, neuter utrumque or utrunque); first/second-declension pronoun (nominative masculine singular in -er, pronominal declension; without or with m optionally → n in compounds)^(Wiktionary)

+ The genitive is always ''utrĭusque'' in verse.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[uter]] “which of two” and the particle [[-que]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces ⟨uter⟩ to [[ine-pro|*kʷo-tero-|t=which of two]], and Latin replaced the expected ⟨*potero-⟩ with ⟨*kʷutero-⟩ after ⟨ubī⟩ and ⟨unde⟩.^(de Vaan 2008) The Oscan and Umbrian words for “both” are built the same way, and [[got|𐍈𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌿𐌷|tr=ƕaþaruh|t=each of two]] may be a parallel formation.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation for the masculine pronoun “each of the two” is from Plautus.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant each of two, taken separately, both, as adjective and pronoun, as in Plautus and Cicero; in the plural it referred to two groups, as in the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium''.^(OLD 2012) With ''alter'' or a second ''uterque'' it expressed reciprocity, each other.^(OLD 2012) Cicero has ''in utramque partem'' “in either direction”.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ British Medieval Latin used it for each of two, and of natural pairs.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86/82 BC – The ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' uses it of groups.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it reciprocally.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Pronoun===

+ # Each of two, [[m|en|both]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # (plural) Each of two groups.^(OLD 2012)

+ # (with ''alter'') Each … the other.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[interutrasque]]

+ * [[alteruterque]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[uter]]

+ * [[neuter]]

+ * [[alteruter]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}