concutio Latin · revision 8397

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=compound|attested=Ennius|origins=la quatiō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [kɔŋˈkʊ.ti.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [koŋˈkut.t͡si.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''concutiō''' (present infinitive concutere, perfect active concussī, supine concussum); third (-iō variant) conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[con-]] and [[quatiō]] “to shake”, with the vowel weakened to /u/.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) De Vaan reconstructs Proto-Italic ⟨*kʷat-i-⟩ and compares [[goh|scutten|t=to shake]], but suggests the root may be of non-Indo-European origin.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Ennius, of shaking.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to shake, agitate, brandish, as in Ennius, and Ovid has ''caput concutere'' and Virgil shaking an oak.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) In Seneca it meant to strike together, in Lucretius to strike so as to weaken, and in Cicero to harass, upset, and to rouse to action or emotion.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Its noun ''concussiō'' gave [[en|concussion]], and its participle gave [[en|concuss]] in the 1590s, “to shake violently”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of damaging blows.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of harassing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1590s – English ''concuss'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|shake]], agitate; to brandish.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To strike together.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To shatter, weaken.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To harass, upset.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To rouse, excite.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[concussibilis]]

+ * [[concussiō]]

+ * [[concussor]]

+ * [[concussura]]

+ * [[concussus]]

+ * [[inconcussus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[quatiō]]

+ * [[en|concussion]]

+ * [[en|concuss]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}