frigidus Latin · revision 8393

16 Oct 2026, 16:03 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la frīgus}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈfriː.ɡɪ.dʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈfriː.d͡ʒi.dus]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''frīgidus''' (feminine frīgida, neuter frīgidum, comparative frīgidior, superlative frīgidissimus, adverb frīgidē); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[frīgus]] “cold”, or from [[frīgeō]] “to be cold”, with the suffix [[-idus]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Plautus, of the cold.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant cold, chilly, as in Plautus, in Cato of cold places, and in Cicero pleasantly cool.^(OLD 2012) In Catullus it was used of diseases with chills, ''sūdor frīgidus'' a cold sweat, in Virgil of what has lost its heat, in Ovid of people chilled, and in Lucretius cold with the chill of death.^(OLD 2012) In Virgil it also meant sluggish, without vigour, and Etymonline adds the senses indifferent, flat, trivial.^(OLD 2012)^(Etymonline) Döderlein explains that ''frīgēre'' is to be cold, opposed to ''calēre'' “to be warm”.^(Döderlein 1874)
+ 
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant cold, inactive, not pious.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin used it for cold, of cold places, and cool.^(DMLBS) It survives in Italian ''freddo'' and French ''froid'', and gave [[en|frigid]] in the 1620s.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of the cold.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of cold places.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of the sluggish.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 1620s – English ''frigid'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # Cold, chilly; cool.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Of a cold climate.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Chilled; cold with death.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Sluggish; [[m|en|frigid]].^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[frīgefactō]]
+ * [[frīgida]]
+ * [[frigidefacto]]
+ * [[frīgiditās]]
+ * [[frīgidiusculus]]
+ * [[frīgidulus]]
+ * [[frīgidum]]
+ * [[īnfrīgidō]]
+ * [[perfrīgidus]]
+ * [[praefrīgidus]]
+ * [[frīgidārius]]
+ * [[frīgidē]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[frīgus]]
+ * [[frīgeō]]
+ * [[calidus]]
+ * [[en|frigid]]
+ 
+ ==Usage notes==
+ Döderlein contrasts [[frīgeō]] with [[caleō]].^(Döderlein 1874)
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}