impono Latin · revision 8376

16 Oct 2026, 16:02 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
Initial text

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la pōnō}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ɪmˈpoː.noː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [imˈpɔː.no]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''impōnō''' (present infinitive impōnere, perfect active imposuī or imposīvī, supine impositum or impostum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+ It is also spelled ''inpōnō'', and Plautus and Cato have the perfect ''imposīvī''.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[in-]] “on, in” and [[pōnō]] “to put”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Plautus, of placing on and putting on board.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to place on or in, as in Plautus, and to put on board, embark; in Sallust to build on a site, in Cicero to attach parts and to put on garments.^(OLD 2012) In Horace it meant to inflict blows, in Cato to apply remedies and to place someone in command, and in Plautus to impose laws or terms.^(OLD 2012) In Cicero it meant to levy a tax and, intransitively, to deceive, impose on; in Virgil to fix a limit, in Varro to give a name, and in Livy to produce a feeling.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein explains that ''fallere'' deceives by false views, ''frūstrārī'' by false hopes, and ''impōnere'' by practising on another's credulity.^(Döderlein 1874)
+ 
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to lay upon, impose, set over.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in Italian ''imporre'' and French ''imposer'', and through Old French it gave [[en|impose]] in the late 14th century.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of placing on and imposing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of applying remedies.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of taxes and deceit.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * late 14th century – English ''impose'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To place on or in; to embark.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To build on; to attach.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To put on (garments); to apply (remedies).^(OLD 2012)
+ # To inflict (blows).^(OLD 2012)
+ # To put in command.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To [[m|en|impose]]; to levy (a tax).^(OLD 2012)
+ # To fix; to give (a name).^(OLD 2012)
+ # To deceive.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[impōmenta]]
+ * [[impositīcius]]
+ * [[impositiō]]
+ * [[impositor]]
+ * [[impositus]]
+ * [[impostor]]
+ * [[impostūra]]
+ * [[superimpōnō]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[pōnō]]
+ * [[en|impose]]
+ 
+ ==Usage notes==
+ Döderlein distinguishes it from [[fallō]] and [[frūstror]].^(Döderlein 1874)
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}