crudelitas Latin · revision 8368

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Accius|origins=la crūdus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [kruːˈdeː.lɪ.taːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [kruˈdɛː.li.tas]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''crūdēlitās''' ''f'' (genitive crūdēlitātis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[crūdēlis]] “cruel” with the suffix [[-tās]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) ⟨Crūdēlis⟩ is from [[crūdus]] “raw, bloody”, which de Vaan traces, with some doubt, to Proto-Italic ⟨*krowoþo-⟩, from the root of [[cruor]] “blood”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Accius, of cruel people.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Accius 170–c. 90 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant cruelty, savagery, inhumanity, of people and, in Cicero, of actions, and an instance of cruelty.^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short note that it is frequent in good prose, and Cicero defines it as ''atrōcitās animī''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Aldhelm and other British Medieval Latin writers used it for cruelty and, in the plural, cruel acts.^(DMLBS) It survives in Italian ''crudeltà'' and Spanish ''crueldad'', and through Old French ''crualté'' it gave [[en|cruelty]] about 1200.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of actions.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1200 – English ''cruelty'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|Cruelty]], savagery; a cruel act.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[crūdēlis]]

+ * [[crūdus]]

+ * [[cruor]]

+ * [[en|cruelty]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}