dictatura Latin · revision 8365

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero|origins=la dictō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [dɪk.taːˈtuː.ra]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [dik.taˈtuː.ra]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dictātūra''' ''f'' (genitive dictātūrae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[dictō]] “to dictate” with the suffix [[-ūra]], belonging to [[dictātor]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is Cicero, whom he dates 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010) Lewis & Short cite Cicero's ''Philippics'' and ''De officiis''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant the office of dictator, dictatorship, and Cicero has ''dictātūram gerere'' “to hold the dictatorship”, and Caesar and Livy have ''dictātūrā sē abdicāre'' “to resign it”.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Tacitus notes that dictatorships were taken for a time.^(Georges 1913) Suetonius has a pun on its other sense, the dictating of lessons to schoolboys.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ British Medieval Latin used it for dictatorship, governance, and for writing, composition.^(DMLBS) English formed [[m|en|dictatorship]] in the 1580s for the office of a Roman dictator.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 75–c. 150 AD – Suetonius puns on it.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1580s – English ''dictatorship'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The office of dictator, [[m|en|dictatorship]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Dictation (of lessons).^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Writing, composition.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[dictātor]]

+ * [[dictō]]

+ * [[en|dictatorship]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}