iucundus Latin · revision 8358
16 Oct 2026, 16:02 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la iuvō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [juːˈkʊn.dʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [juˈkun.dus]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''iūcundus''' (feminine iūcunda, neuter iūcundum, comparative iūcundior, superlative iūcundissimus, adverb iūcundē); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)
+ It is also spelled ''iōcundus'', influenced by [[iocus]] “joke”.^(OLD 2012)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[iuvō]] “to help, delight” with the suffix [[-cundus]], through ⟨*iuwicondos⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Plautus, of pleasant experiences.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant pleasant, agreeable, delightful, as in Plautus, in Cicero of people congenial, and in Lucilius agreeable to the senses.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein explains that ''grātum'' is what is welcome only for its value to us.^(Döderlein 1874)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant pleasing, acceptable, happy.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin used it of things pleasing to the senses and of agreeable experiences.^(DMLBS) It survives in Italian ''giocondo'' and Spanish ''jocundo'', and through Old French it gave [[en|jocund]] in the late 14th century.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of the pleasant.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius uses it of the senses.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of congenial people.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * late 14th century – English ''jocund'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # Pleasant, delightful.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Congenial.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Agreeable to the senses.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[iniūcundus]]
+ * [[iūcunditās]]
+ * [[iūcundō]]
+ * [[periūcundus]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[iuvō]]
+ * [[en|jocund]]
+
+ ==Usage notes==
+ Döderlein distinguishes it from [[grātus]].^(Döderlein 1874)
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}