laboriosus Latin · revision 8357

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la labor}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ɫa.boː.riˈoː.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [la.bo.riˈɔː.s̬us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''labōriōsus''' (feminine labōriōsa, neuter labōriōsum, superlative labōriōsissimus, adverb labōriōsē); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''labōriōssus''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[labor]] “work” with the suffix [[-ōsus]], and Wiktionary suggests the ⟨i⟩ came by analogy with pairs such as [[cūra]] : [[cūriōsus]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Plautus, of hard work.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant involving much work, laborious, as in Plautus, and in Cicero hard-working, industrious, and involving hardship, distressing.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant laborious, toilsome.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin used it for laborious, wearisome, and as a neuter plural noun for labours.^(DMLBS) It was borrowed into Italian and Spanish ''laborioso'' and French ''laborieux'', and through Old French it gave [[en|laborious]] in the late 14th century, “hard-working”.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of hard work.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the industrious.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''laborious'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Hard, [[m|en|laborious]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Hard-working, industrious.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Distressing.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[labōriōsē]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[labor]]

+ * [[labōrō]]

+ * [[en|laborious]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}