liquor Latin · revision 8350
16 Oct 2026, 16:02 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{homograph|1|flow, melt}}
+
+ {{infobox|confidence=established|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *wleykʷ-}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈliː.kʷɔr]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈliː.kʷor]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''līquor''' (present infinitive līquī or līquier); third conjugation, deponent, no passive, no perfect or supine stems^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ The deponent verb belongs with the stative [[liqueō]] “to be liquid” and [[liquō]] “to melt”, ultimately from [[ine-pro|*wleykʷ-]], a present *wleykʷti.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Plautus has “at once the property slips away and melts”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to become liquid or melt, as Virgil's snow melting on the hills and Ovid's ice, and in poetry to dissolve into tears.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Of fluids it meant to flow or run, as Virgil's rivers flowing from high rocks, drops of dark blood and sweat streaming over the body.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero uses it of a style that flows calmly.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it meant to waste away, as Lucretius' age that declines for the worse.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) The present participle [[liquēns]] meant “flowing, liquid”.^(Georges 1913)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus, of property melting away.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius, of declining age.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of a calmly flowing style.^(OLD 2012)
+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil, of melting snow and flowing blood.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To become liquid, [[m|en|melt]], dissolve.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)
+ # To [[m|en|flow]], run, trickle.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ # ''(figurative)'' To waste away, languish.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[liquēns]]
+
+ {{homograph|2|liquid}}
+
+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la liqueō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈlɪ.kʷɔr]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈliː.kʷor]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''liquor''' ''m'' (genitive liquōris); third declension^(Wiktionary)
+ Lucretius has a long first syllable.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[liqueō]] “to be liquid” with the suffix [[-or]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Plautus, of a liquid.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant a liquid, a fluid, as in Plautus, and in Cicero fluidity; it was also used of the clearness of water.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant a liquid.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin used it for liquidity and for a liquid, and Serlo of Wilton contrasted ''lĭquor'' “fluid” with ''līquor'' “I flow”.^(DMLBS) It survives in Italian ''liquore'', French ''liqueur'' and Spanish ''licor'', and through Old French it gave [[en|liquor]] about 1200, any liquid.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a liquid.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of fluidity.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 1200 – English ''liquor'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # Fluidity.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A liquid, fluid, [[m|en|liquor]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # Clearness.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[illiquor]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[liquefaciō]]
+ * [[liquefactiō]]
+ * [[liqueō]]
+ * [[liquēscō]]
+ * [[liquidē]]
+ * [[liquiditās]]
+ * [[liquidiusculus]]
+ * [[liquidō]]
+ * [[liquidus]]
+ * [[en|liquor]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}